Methods of Teaching English

The method of teaching English as a second language includes all the four important components – selection, grading, presentation and reputation. The four main methods of teaching English are as under 

•  The Grammar – Translation method: This method is also known as a classical method which envisages a distinctive treatment of the language —grammatical explanation and translation of a language pattern. Here, the mother tongue becomes the medium of instruction of teaching English. The students are required to memorise the rules of grammar and translate passages from mother tongue into English and vice versa. It is believed that the foreign language forces to acquire the rules of grammar. This method begins with the definitions of parts of speech and memorisation of grammar rules, meaning of new words phrases and sentences.
• The Direct Method: This is also known as a ‘Natural Method’ or the ‘Mother’s Method’ based on the philosophy of fluency in reading and facility in writing, with fluency in speech. The central idea of the direct method is not to use the mother tongue. But it is the association of words and sentences with their meaning through demonstration, dramatisation and such other means. It enables the pupils to establish a bond between a word and an idea and think in English.
• Bilingual Method of Teaching: The use of mother tongue is allowed to certain extent but strictly controlled and limited to concept translation procedure of this method. Here, situations are vital. The focus is on the early stages, on oral or conversational proficiency. Imitation and interpretation of a basic foreign language is done along with first language questions – answers and conversation. It ensures accuracy, fluency and saves time and cost.
• West’s New Method:  This method is named after its invention by M.P.West. It was based on two important considerations – English should be studied from utilitarian point of view and as a means of international understanding. He believes that students should emphasise on developing reading ability and must have a control over vocabulary